Communication Privacy Management Research Articles

Pelanggaran Batas Privasi Anak dalam Praktik Sharenting pada Kalangan Selebriti Indonesia

The use of social media is increasingly massive, parents uploading photos, videos or other information about their children on social media has become increasingly common and has become a source of controversy in Indonesia recently. This research aims to investigate violations of children's privacy boundaries that occur due to sharenting practices among Indonesian celebrities. Using document study methodology, researchers compiled data related to sharenting practices that occurred in the latest Indonesian celebrity controversies and analyzed them in accordance with Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory. The results of the research show that YouTube Adsense is a reward that is expected from parents who practice sharenting. Children are considered to have no awareness of their ownership of privacy so they are deemed unable to regulate their privacy rules. The failure to coordinate privacy boundaries between children and parents causes the boundaries of ownership of children's personal information to become blurred. The practice of sharenting by parents among Indonesian celebrities can raise ethical concerns regarding children's privacy rights and weak ownership of children's privacy in accordance with the concept in CPM theory.

Theorizing Interpersonal and Technological Dimensions of Privacy in the Exchange of Sexual Communication

As technology continues to evolve, so too do privacy concerns individuals have about technology. This is especially true when individuals share highly sensitive, personal content through technology. When individuals sext, they are sharing sexually explicit messages, photos, and videos with another person. Two theories are interrogated in how they may apply to sexting and privacy: communication privacy management theory and privacy calculus. Utilizing these theories, privacy is highlighted in this article as a negotiation process between partners and technologies. Individuals must consider who they share material with and the channels they use, and these theories can help in developing a better understanding of these processes. Sexting can be a positive influence on adults’ romantic relationships, whether serious or casual; yet, they need to be able to engage in these behaviors in ways that encourage trust both interpersonally and with their technology.

Sharenting in China: perspectives from mothers and adolescents

PurposeMothers sharing images and information on social media about their children is a contemporary cultural norm. While the practice has been heavily discussed in popular media, there is a lack of empirical research examining the phenomenon from the perspectives of parents and adolescent children in China. The current study aims to find out whether or not mothers and their children engage in discussions about sharenting and how adolescents negotiate their privacy concerns with their mothers.Design/methodology/approachThe current study examined how parents and their children make sense of sharenting via semi-structured interviews with 16 Chinese mothers. In addition, the study enlisted 21 adolescents to examine their perspectives on sharenting. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsResults showed that although documentation is articulated as the primary sharenting motivation, identity management is a major drive behind sharenting. The dynamics between mothers and their children, as well as between adolescents and their parents, are also explored regarding the issues of consent, privacy and identity.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has theoretical implications for the communication privacy management (CPM) theory, as it underscores the dynamic nature of privacy management, shaped by cultural norms, family dynamics and evolving communication technologies. It also adds value for campaign practitioners to provide education programs on the serious consequences of sharenting.Originality/valueThis research serves as a starting point to further explore a child’s entrance to adulthood as our culture’s first true digital natives who will bear extensive online and offline identities.

From Interpersonal Privacy to HumanTechnological Privacy: Communication Privacy Management Theory Revisited

Purpose: Communication privacy management (CPM) theory is a major theory explaining the tensions between disclosing and concealing private information in interpersonal communication. By considering differences in interpersonal and human-technology information disclosure and drawing on existing work related to privacy and technology, this article presents CPM theory as a broad theoretical framework for human-technology privacy boundary management. Method: This research employed a speculative theoretical approach by drawing on existing literature and synthesizing it to both apply and extend CPM theory’s propositions to human-technology privacy boundary management. Results: CPM theory can be applied to understand the dynamics of human-technology information disclosure and should incorporate technological literacy as a key consideration in human-technology privacy boundary management. Legal ties characterize human-technology privacy boundary coordination instead of social ties. Additionally, in human-technology information disclosure contexts, CPM theory should provide guidance regarding managing third parties that may gain access to information. Conclusion: CPM theory is the most comprehensive framework for how individuals manage privacy boundaries, be it in interpersonal or human-technology contexts. By considering technology as a property of technological actors instead of an actor itself, CPM theory in human-technology contexts becomes a flexible theoretical framework for understanding information disclosure and privacy boundary management, both for existing technologies (e.g., social media, online shopping platforms, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things) and future technologies.

Analysis of the Ethical Lapses in Journalism When Using Chat Records for Reporting

In the current era, news stories that utilize private chat records from social media as source material have attracted a substantial audience. However, there has been public debate regarding whether this practice breaches individual privacy management primarily and crosses the boundaries of journalistic ethics. This paper investigates the phenomenon of using private chat records from social media as news material, and its impact on personal privacy management and the boundaries of journalistic ethics. Specifically, the study focuses on how this practice disrupts the privacy management of chat record subjects, particularly in terms of boundary linkage, boundary permeability, and boundary ownership, thereby leading to issues of journalistic ethical lapses. The aim of the research is to propose methods for regulating journalistic practices and promoting the establishment of a "right to be forgotten" for social media users, in order to standardize journalistic boundaries, achieve boundary coordination, and reshape journalistic ethics. The main methodology of this paper is case analysis, complemented by literature review. The article employs Communication Privacy Management Theory as its theoretical framework and analyzes relevant journalistic cases. This paper finds that by standardizing the way journalists use news materials and promoting the establishment of the "Right to be Forgotten" for social media users, it is possible to regulate their news boundaries, achieve boundary coordination, and reshape their journalistic ethics.

Gender-Specific Non-Disclosure of Mental Distress

Research suggests that non-disclosure of mental distress is associated with poorer mental health. While men are more reluctant to communicate about personal issues with informal and professional social contacts, little is known about the reasons for and factors associated with non-disclosure among men and women. Based on the Disclosure Decision-Making Model and the Communication Privacy Management Theory, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey with a quota sample of 2,471 participants in Germany. In the study, we (a) examined gender differences regarding non-disclosure of distress, (b) aimed to identify individual and relational factors associated with non-disclosure for both genders, and (c) studied men’s and women’s reasoning for non-disclosure of mental distress. Findings demonstrate that (a) non-disclosure was not higher in the male subsample but men had less trusted contacts; (b) individual level factors, particularly the conformity to traditional gender norms, were associated with non-disclosure among both genders; (c) men stipulated the superficiality of the relationship as more relevant reasons, while women indicated privacy and feelings of shame/self-blame as more important. The study findings might inform gender-sensitive mental health campaigns in the sense that questioning traditional gender norms could contribute to disclosure of mental distress among both men and women.

Antara Hasrat dan Privasi Diri: Anonimitas Penggemar Cerita Alternative Universe Harry Potter dengan Genre Homoseksual di Twitter

Understanding the diversity of sexuality is still taboo in Indonesia. This directly leads to the practice of marginalising groups with homosexual sexual orientation. Those who have homosexual tendencies cannot freely express themselves, both in the virtual and real worlds. This hegemony of heteronormativity then began to receive a kind of counter-hegemony from various parties, one of which was from the writers and readers of the Alternative Universe (hereinafter referred to as AU) Harry Potter on Twitter. Harry Potter itself is a fictional story with the theme of the wizarding world written by J.K. Rowling, which is often reproduced by fans through various media; AU is one of them. Through AU, fans can imagine creating their own stories using the characters in the Harry Potter story series. One of the highlights of this AU version is when fans make the people in the Harry Potter characters homosexual. Not only does it involve fantasy and imagination, fans also pay attention to their personal identity when interacting with homosexual stories. This study aims to find out how writers and readers of Harry Potter AU stories on Twitter play out homosexual fantasies, as well as how privacy management is used to feel safe interacting with homosexual subjects. To answer these questions, the author conducted research using the netnography method on Twitter. In the process, the author not only looked at user interactions on each Harry Potter AU story but also distributed questionnaires and interviews to the author and readers of the AU story. As for data analysis, the author uses the concept of schizoanalysis from Deleuze and Guattari and combines it with Sandra Petronio's communication privacy management theory. The results of this study show that writers and readers of Harry Potter AUs with homosexual characters have a tendency to want to hide their personal information. They do not want to be recognised when interacting with homosexual stories, even though they are actually very interested in them. This is partly due to social pressure that still upholds heteronormativity.

Disclosing Bipolar Disorder in Romantic Relationships

Utilizing communication privacy management (CPM) theory as a framework, we explored the privacy boundaries that individuals with bipolar disorder have around their diagnosis information in romantic relationships. Participants’ (n = 92) responses to an online survey were coded and analyzed, resulting in themes that evidenced consideration of possible individual and relational outcomes when contemplating renegotiating or fortifying boundaries around diagnosis, and the use of both core and catalyst criteria in deciding when to make romantic partners co-owners of diagnosis information. Results of this study provide empirical support for CPM theory and implications for privacy boundary management decisions for individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

Self-Disclosure Counsel in Revealing Psychological Problems (Study On Online Counseling Service Counselives)

People with psychological problems generally find it difficult to express themselves and have poor communication skills. This research focuses on the counselor's self-disclosure in revealing his psychological problems in online counseling services. The research used a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study. This research uses the concept of self-disclosure as well as the theory of the Johari Window and Communication Privacy Management. The results showed that the main factors that influence the counselee's self-disclosure are listeners and channels. The counselee's trust in the listener and the response given by the listener is the counselee's consideration. The channel factor in the form of a disinhibition effect affects the counselor's self-disclosure in online counseling services. The supporting factors for self-disclosure were found, namely the topic. The reasons for the counselor's self-disclosure include the tendency of dangerous psychological problems, physical pain, complaints, emotional support, asking for help, and psychological control. The counselor tends to get positive effects from self-disclosure such as catharsis, self-knowledge, and self-acceptance. The effects felt different for each individual, a negative effect was found in the form of vulnerability.

Communication Privacy Management Theory in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Studies from the Philippines

Information management during the COVID-19 pandemic ranges from personal to institutional level of agencies. This was highly observable at the onset of the national health emergency in the Philippines when most Filipinos who had symptoms did not know what to do. They, as well as their relatives, were in a fearful situation, and so were the government and private agencies involved in health care services. When in need of medical attention, will they tell the truth about their travel history or their exposure to anyone who is infected? The researchers studied the turbulence that occurred when mutually held rules by a community were breached by its members through concealment and gatekeeping during national health emergencies. The study elucidates how the management of private information prevents boundary turbulence and maintains personal relationships, but results in uncontrolled social turbulence during the pandemic. Applicability of the system and principles of Communication Privacy Management Theory such as privacy ownership, privacy control, privacy turbulence, and information stakeholders were studied qualitatively through data generated from nine participants of varying points of view - a) patients and/or relatives who managed their private information; and b) patients, their relatives, and health workers such as doctors, nurses, and medical staff who were adversely affected by such management of private information. Keywords: COVID-19, communication, privacy, ownership, control.

Understanding smartphone users’ app usage with restricted permissions

PurposeSmartphone apps collect users' personal information, which triggers privacy concerns for app users. Consequently, app users restrict apps from accessing their personal information. This may impact the effectiveness of in-app advertising. However, research has not yet demonstrated what factors impact app users' decisions to use apps with restricted permissions. This study is aimed to bridge this gap.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative research method, the authors collected the data from 384 app users via a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using AMOS and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).FindingsThe findings suggest privacy concerns and risks have a significant positive effect on app usage with restricted permissions, whilst reputation, trust and perceived benefits have significant negative impact on it. Some app-related factors, such as the number of apps installed and type of apps, also impact app usage with restricted permissions.Practical implicationsBased on the findings, the authors provided several implications for app stores, app developers and app marketers.Originality/valueThis study examines the factors that influence smartphone users' decisions to use apps with restricted permission requests. By doing this, the authors' study contributes to the consumer behaviour literature in the context of smartphone app usage. Also, by explaining the underlying mechanisms through which the principles of communication privacy management theory operate in smartphone app context, the authors' research contributes to the communication privacy management theory.

To Tell or Not to Tell: Disclosure Experiences and Perceived Microaggressions Among Adopted Adolescents With Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Parents

There is limited research on stigma experiences and disclosure practices among adolescents who: (a) are adopted, (b) who have LGBTQ+ parents, and (c) who are sexual or gender minorities themselves. At a time when LGBTQ+ identities are both increasingly visible and also publicly debated, we conducted interviews with 50 adolescents ( M age = 14.86 years) in 12 two-father, 20 two-mother, and 18 father/mother families. Following protocols approved by Clark University’s Institutional Review Board and through the frameworks of sexual stigma, microaggressions, and communication privacy management, we used thematic analysis to explore themes of disclosure practices, peer responses to disclosure, and parent responses to sexual and gender identity disclosure. Adolescents described various disclosure decisions around their adoptive status, LGBTQ+ parent family structure, and their own sexual and gender identities, ranging from rare to reactive to proactive disclosure. Such decisions were in some cases shaped by the intersections among participants’ race, gender, and family structure. Participants often selectively disclosed because of concerns related to privacy and negative peer reactions. Many adolescents reported instances of microaggressions from peers around their identities. Parent reactions to their children’s sexual and gender identity disclosure were more complex than peers’ reactions. Findings have implications for therapists and other professionals working with adolescents and their families.

“I would not want to be viewed as someone that complains”: a mixed methods analysis of the factors that contribute to concealment and disclosure of workplace cyberbullying

ABSTRACT Almost half of all U.S. employees have experienced some form of workplace bullying . Stress and decreased job satisfaction are just some of the negative impacts victims or bystanders of workplace bullying can undergo . With the increased use of computer-mediated communication and social media, workplace cyberbullying is a concern in addition to face-to-face workplace bullying. The current study explored decisions to disclose workplace cyberbullying from a communication privacy management perspective. Quantitative results from 185 participants show the contextual criteria of important reason and conversational appropriateness to predict the depth of workplace cyberbullying disclosures and important reason to predict the breadth of disclosures. Qualitative results show factors that influenced concealment of workplace cyberbullying include fear of potential negative outcomes, lack of trust, and unwelcome culture, whereas factors that influenced disclosure of workplace cyberbullying included an open and safe space, impact of cyberbullying, the ‘greater good effect,’ and confidence in the situation improving. Results of this study can assist organizations and leaders in creating environments and trainings that encourage employees to disclose workplace cyberbullying.

Self-disclosure and received social support among women experiencing infertility on reddit: A natural language processing approach

The intricate interplay between self-disclosure strategies and the social support received has garnered limited scholarly attention. Guided by communication privacy management theory, the functional theory of self-disclosure, social support theory, and social penetration theory, this study seeks to delve deeper into this dynamic within the context of female infertility. Fertility challenges among women remain sensitive and veiled by societal silence, thereby compelling them to seek information and support through online channels. By leveraging natural language processing techniques, we examined 11,714 posts and 76,022 comments from the Subreddit IVF over a three-year period. Our investigation shows that online support forums provide a convenient and beneficial channel for women dealing with infertility issues to exchange information and express distress. However, a discrepancy exists between the types and intended functions of self-disclosure and the types of social support received. Posts aiming to clarify personal identities negatively predict the network support received. Moreover, disclosing thoughts in posts often fail to elicit esteem support in comments. The results highlight that online support communities exhibit inherent limitations in offering opportunities for sharing good news and seeking validation. These findings offer guidance to policymakers, practitioners, and the public in enhancing support for women experiencing challenges in childbearing.

Core and Catalyst Criteria Motivating CrossFit Athletes to Reveal or Conceal Their Non-Visible Health Conditions

Despite robust literature concerning the illness disclosure decision making process, it remains unclear how individuals choose to reveal and conceal non-visible health conditions in group exercise. At the intersection of non-visible illness management and group exercise, the purpose of this study is to apply communication privacy management theory (CPM) to better understand the core and catalyst criteria athletes with non-visible health conditions utilize when determining whether to reveal or conceal their conditions in the context of the CrossFit gym. CrossFit is an international fitness program with more than 14,000 affiliate gyms in more than 155 countries. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 23 CrossFit athletes. Findings indicate that core criteria prompted athletes to conceal because of identity and stigma threats but reveal as a way to break the stigma and advocate for themselves and others. Catalyst criteria shaped athletes’ disclosure decisions in two ways, including concealing to avoid burdening others and revealing to foster relationships. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed.

Conceptualizing and measuring privacy boundary turbulence in technological contexts: Constructing a measurement scale

Digital platforms have provided convenience, but they increase information misuse risks, which can cause privacy boundary turbulence, a key concept of Communication Privacy Management theory. Contrary to previous measurements of turbulence that mostly focus on actual privacy violation experiences, I propose a new measurement scale incorporating the perceived privacy violations. To construct the scale, I first used in-depth interviews (N = 33) to identify four dimensions of privacy turbulence through coding: sense of surveillance, sense of betrayal, sense of harm, and sense of helplessness. Drawing on interview data, I developed items for each dimension and tested the items to refine the scale. In Study Two (N = 283), exploratory factor analysis was used to test potential models. Study Three (N = 687) cross-validated the final factor structure using a separate sample. Study Four (N = 293) tested the discriminant and predictive validity of the measure by comparing it to the Privacy Management Measure scale.

Factors influencing college teachers' adoption of live online teaching: a conditional process model of technology acceptance, user satisfaction and privacy concerns.

In recent times, live online teaching has emerged as a prominent trend in online education. However, teachers are confronted with the challenge of not only acquainting themselves with the associated technologies but also effectively integrating them into their teaching practices. This dual challenge exerts pressure on teachers to adopt live online teaching. This study aims to explore the factors and mechanisms influencing teachers' attitudes and continuance intention toward live online teaching. It covers both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, as well as both enabling and inhibiting factors, thus providing valuable suggestions for encouraging teachers to engage in live online teaching actively. This study proposed a conceptual model based on the Technology Acceptance Model, Uses and Gratifications Theory, and Communication Privacy Management Theory. A simple random sampling method was employed to recruit participants from a university in eastern China. With 224 college teachers participating in the study, various analyses, including descriptive analysis, regression analysis, and simple slope analysis, were conducted to explore the factors and mechanisms influencing college teachers' adoption of live online teaching. The study revealed the following key findings: (a) perceived easy of use had a positive impact on perceived usefulness and user satisfaction; (b) perceived usefulness had a positive effect on user satisfaction; (c) both perceived usefulness and user satisfaction positively influenced teachers' adoption of live online teaching; (d) perceived easy of use did not directly affect teachers' adoption of live online teaching; (e) privacy concerns exhibited a moderated effect on the relationship between perceived easy of use and perceived usefulness, as well as the relationship between perceived easy of use and user satisfaction. The study reveals a conditional process model elucidating teachers' adoption of live online learning. The model incorporates perceived ease of use as a predictor, perceived usefulness and user satisfaction as two mediators, and private concerns as a moderator. The findings suggest that stakeholders should collaborate closely to enhance the design and development of the live online teaching platforms. Additionally, efforts should be made to support and improve teachers' information literacy, fostering their enthusiasm and facilitating their professional development in live online teaching practice.

The Elephant in My Head

This layered account uses personal experience to expand understanding of communicatively managing courtesy stigma, which remains a curiously understudied phenomenon in the communication discipline. Specifically, the author draws on courtesy stigma, closeting theory, stigma management communication, and communication privacy management to help interpret and make meaning out of experiences related to parental alcohol abuse. The vignettes provide an alternative understanding of stigma management and disclosure processes.

Romance in the cloud: Interpersonal communication analysis on relationship stages of online dating

Finding love in the digital age can be seen easier than ever. With a simple app, an individual and millions of others can come together and meet from everywhere. The researchers aim to analyze the relationship development in online dating matches through multiple interpersonal communication perspectives. It includes how an individual chooses their potential partner, their initial involvement, self-disclosure, and whether they decide to continue a serious relationship. The research methodology used is qualitative method with in depth interview, using Devito’s Relationship Stages as the theoretical framework. The result shows that compared to traditional dating, online dating couples took extra security precautions in early contact. It is also found that the strength of social bonding, especially with close friends and family members, significantly influences the relationship. There are three main stages of relationships that are experienced in this research; (1) Contact, in line with the Uncertainty Reduction Theory and Communication Privacy Management, (2) Involvement that corresponds with the Social Exchange Theory, and (3) Intimacy, that aligns with Social Penetration Theory.

Information security risks and sharing behavior on OSN: the impact of data collection awareness

PurposeThis study aims to ascertain the impact of data collecting awareness on perceived information security concerns and information-sharing behavior on social networking sites.Design/methodology/approachBased on communication privacy management theory, the study forecasted the relationship between information-sharing behavior and awareness of data collecting purposes, data collection tactics and perceived security risk using structural equation modeling analysis and one-way ANOVA. The sample size of 521 young social media users in Vietnam, ages 18 to 34, was made up of 26.7% men and 73.3% women. When constructing the questionnaire survey method with lone source respondents, the individual’s unique awareness and experiences with using online social networks (OSNs) were taken into account.FindingsThe results of the investigation demonstrate a significant relationship between information-sharing and awareness of data collecting, perceptions of information security threats and behavior. Social media users have used OSN privacy settings and paid attention to the sharing restriction because they are concerned about data harvesting.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was conducted among young Vietnamese social media users, reflecting specific characteristics prevalent in the Vietnamese environment, and hence may be invalid in other nations’ circumstances.Practical implicationsSocial media platform providers should improve user connectivity by implementing transparent privacy policies that allow users to choose how their data are used; have clear privacy statements and specific policies governing the use of social media users’ data that respect users’ consent to use their data; and thoroughly communicate how they collect and use user data while promptly detecting any potential vulnerabilities within their systems.Originality/valueThe authors ascertain that the material presented in this manuscript will not infringe upon any statutory copyright and that the manuscript will not be submitted elsewhere while under Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society review.